Single-phase commutator-motor.



V1 As FYNN.,

SING-LE PHASE UUMMUTATOR MGTOR.

MPLIGATNN mman 00T. 5, 190e.

3 SHEETS-SEEET l.

d Mz;

V. A. FYNN. SINGLE PHASE GOMMUTATOR MOTOR..

APPLIGA'TION FILED OCT. 5, 1906.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

Wl TNESSES y v., A. NNN. SNGLE PHASE CGMMUTATOR MOTGE. PPLIOATION FILED00T. 5, 1906. fgg, Patented Jan.11,1910.

V3 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

To all 'whom 'it may concern:

VALRE ALFRED ramt, entonnoir, attenere.

SINGLELEHASE COMMUTATR-MTR.

Staines Specification ef Letters Patent.

Patente@ Jan.. llo

Application filed lotober 5, 1906. Serial of'l.

lle it known that l, Vannini Amann Frein, olf 'i8 lllessington road,Blaeltl eath,- in the county ot London, England, electrical engineer,have invented certain neiv and useful Improvements in or Relating toSingle- `lhase' lGon'unutatorMiotors, of which ythe following is aspeeilication.

This invention relates to single-phase eonnnutator motors which at leaststart as repulsion motors.r l have inatle use of this term repulsionn1otors"` hat although universally employed l yeonsitler the terni amisleading one and `will hereinafter Call the motors to ivhieh thisinvention relates t series inthietion niotors 'lhe objects Yof myinvention are. lirstlkv, to improve the starting torqueot such inotorstor a given terminal voltage hoth at the veryv inolnent ot starting andalso during the rest ofy the starting` perfornianee; seconill);i toenable the starting torque and the speed olsueh motors to beeonifenientlg1 oontrollecl iireterahly without the use of expensive auxilary apparatus such as trznistorniv ers and the like; also` providingmeans for easily convert-lng the characteristic of `these -inotors froma series to a shunt characteristie while compensating; (improving theirpower factor) thein or not; i f

l aehievethese objects loroadhv speaking hy combining in one. motor theaction of a series influetion motor with that of a series eoiuluetionmotor or to pnt it ditlerently by disposing the field exciting, Windingof a seriesinduction inotor pai-tlvv on the stator and parthv on the`rotor. the two parts being` eonneetetl -in series relation. l

The views as to the oper-ation of theseniachines seein to dilier widelyeven at the presenttnne and that is Why-I explain what l propose to (loin different ways so as to i 'of ther linain stator Winding,

make in); objects and the manner in `which l attain theni Clear to all.

The arrangement indicated so far will help to increase the'torque ivit ia given ter-- niinal if'oltage after the first instant ofstarting, i. e.When the motor is in motion.- A

ln ortler to regulate either the starting ltorque or speed ot' the motoror both, I p rovidethat part of the liehl Winding Whiehvis tlisposeclonthe stator with tappings which enable the useful ninnher of turns 1nthat winding to he varied either cutting out,

.more or less of the total number of turns or by grouping these turnsdilferentlyln' order to convert the oharaeteristie of this niotor tronia series to a shunt-charite teristic, l gradually or suddenlyshort-cir.- euit- 'the armature alongthe iielti axis ineluding in thatCircuit or 'not an l. lil. l?. ot a phase suitable for compensating themotor, said ll. lill l?. being derived troni the motor itself or lionran outside. source.

, ln order to increase the initial startingtorque for a given terminalvoltage l include the E. lil. l?. usecl' for compensating the. inotor incircuit with the armature anni lieltl windings in suoli a ivay as toboost "l the voltage impressed on the niotor.

l will non' proceed to deserihe the inven tion more tally with the helpof the aeeoinpanying drawings.

Figures l, 2., 2h et and G shoiv known ferais ot continuous andalternate current inotors and are. made use ot Vfor the. purpose otroughly indicating the theory on whioh the invention is based andexplaining the mean ing` ot the lettering and signs used in thedrawings. Fig. 5 shoivs a simple torni o the improved motor :forming thesuhjeot matter of this infsent-ion. Figs. .Y and 8 shov another torni oa.the improved motor, indicate means tor Converting' saine into acoinpensateel shunt .motor the' compensating F. M. li., being derivedtroni a Wincling elisposefl on the tor, :tor regulating its speed,anal-.also show the .necessary alterations in the. connections in ortlerto reverse the direction of rotation. 9 shows e. ineanstorolitainingftiie compensating E. lli/l. l?. troni a transformer connectedin parallel with the mains'. lt) shows an arrangement Where the rotoreldWincling is eonneetetl in series relation with the .stator windings S1'and S2 by means of the series transformer T1. ig. il shows a motor inwhich the auiiliary or compensating voltage is derived troni a part lnFig. l is shown tliagrannnatieally an ordinary continuous cnrrent motor.By way.

of example the armature is Shown as tfrannne ring ivounti in a certainthree-tion. All the other llgures are supposetl to be pro vicletl withsuch Grannne rings. Theln'nshes in all eases rest olireetlgT on 'thesewindings.

Assuming the current to enter the artnet-nre 'the direct piaced in.

ie current along the active winding without making it necto show thewinding' itselt. y1`his siinnle method of indicating the distribution orcurrent will hereinafter' be this figure, with the given direction the'motor field M F and the armature he motor will revolve as indicatedarroY K; the direction of the tield due tc the current tiowing throughthe armature is then shown by arrow A. F. A back M. F. will now bedeveloped opposing the working FJ. M. F. (E T) impressed on the armaturebrushes and also opposing the cui? rent flowing through the armature.This back E. "it, F. (l B) is indicated by an arrow which shows thatIthis back E. M. F. enters the armature by the left hand brush thusacting against T. l

Taking now Fig. 2 which represents a series conduction motor it will beseen that for the conditions shown the direction of rotation will beclockwise as indicated by arrow l. The dot and cross in the air gap showthe distribution of the armature eurrent and of E "il, while thedirection of E B is also shown by an arrow. 1f the distribution of F Bwere shown in the same manner as that of E T the cross would be at thetop and the dot at vthe bottom since F- B is opposed to E T. A in Fig. 3is shown a series induction motor. ln this case there are two fields totake into account, the transformer field 'll F (due to the main ortransformer winding S1) in the armature axis along which the rotor isshort circuited by means of the brushes 1t R and the motor field M Fdisplaced by l) degrees with regard to the latter. rl`he working E. M.F. (E T) is iinpressed on the rotor along the armature axis by inductionwith the help of '1 F, the back iti. F. (E B) is nearly opposed to itand is generated in the rotor along R It by rotation in M F. For thedirection of the fields as shown in Fig.A 3 the direction of rotationwill be clockwise as shown by arrow l( and will be evident from acomparison with Fig. 1.

Fig. 4 shows the same ease as Fig. Shut as the distribution of thevarious fields and E. M. Fs is shown in the same manner as in Fig. l,this needs no further comment.

n Fig. 5 the series conduction motor of Fig. 9. has been combined withthe series induction motor of Fig. 3 and as the direction of rotation ofthe combination must obviously be the same as the direction of rotationof the component parts, it will therefore be clockwise as indicated byarrow K.

Fig. G shows the well-known induction motor in which the armaturecurrent flows along axis R lt and the field or exciting curaeaeoe theair gap; these indicate rent along` axis l1 H. lt is seen therefore 1that the rotor winding in thc axis H can be made use of as a iieldwinding. Bearing this in nnndand reterring to Fig. 5, 1t can be saidthat the. latter represents a series induction motor the field windingof which is partly disposed on the stator and shown at S2 and partly onthe rotor and included between the. brushes H 1l; it is immaterialwhether these brushes hear on thc same, winding as is short-circuitedby' the brushes R R or o'n a separate winding disposed on the samerotor.

The reason why a motor connected as shown in Fig. 5 exerts a greattorque after it is in motion is as follows :Ml'v taking the primary orstator current through the rotor along the motor field axis. an E. M. F.(E 1t) generated by rotation in the transformer field T F is included inthe primary. circuit: the said ll. M. F. is aceordiiig to the directionof rotation either in phase with 'l` F or of opposite phase to it. Nowthe primary current is always taken through the rotor in -such adirection that the lil. M. F. (E 1t) helps to counteract the 'arious FJ.M. Fs of self-induction in the primary circuit and which are duc to Si..to the rotor winding in the motor field axis. and to r1`he result isthat a given impressed E. M. F. will drive a` much greater currentthrough the motor when E R is thus taken advantage of.

1 am aware that a motor such as shown in Fig. 5 but without the additionof the winding S2 has vbeen proposed before now, although its action mayhave been explained differently, but such a machine could not beregulated without the use of external devices. Une of my objects is todo away with the use of these external devices and this 1 accomplish byadding this winding S2 and arranging it as shown in Figs. 7 and 8 withor without the other improvements shown in these tigures. 1n these Figs.7 and 8, by means of the winding S.; and the lever L the current takenby the motor when it is switched on to the mains can be reduced to anydesired extent, the motor can be started as smoothly as desired. thetorque increasing 'as the lever is moved toward point 4.

.1 winding S.. disposed on the stator eov axially with S1 is connectedin series with S. and S.J and in such a way that the voltage generatedtherein will he added to the total voltage impressed on the motor, theline voltage heilig kept constant: in this'manner the maximum torque ofthe motor is increased. 1t is not necessary 'to derive this auxiliaryvoltage from a winding such as Sn disposed on the motor itselfglit canbe derived from a separate. transformer, in which case the secondary ofthe separate transformer will be connected in series with any of themotor windings already referred l'if) CII winding' which is disposed onthe rotor and between the field brushes, and means for varying thenumber of turns of that part of the field winding which is disposed onthe stator. 4 6. An alternatecurrent motor comprising the combination ofa rotor, a stator, a winding on the rotor connected to a commutator,said winding doing duty along one axis as armature winding and as fieldwinding along another axis,'short circuited armature brushes on the saidcommutator, field brushes on the said commutator displaced with regardto the armature brushes, a main windingl on the stator approximately inthe axis of the short-circuited armature brushes, a field winding on thestator approximately in the axis of the Vfield brushes, the said mainstator winding, stator field winding and rotor field windingl being allconnected in series relation and across the mains, a source ot'compensating E, M. F. and a switch forv short-circuiting that part ofthe field winding which is disposed on the rotor and betweenthe fieldbrushes so as to include the said compensating l?. M. F. in closedcircuit.

7. An alternate current motor comprising the combination of a rotor, astator, a winding on the rotor connected to a commutator, said windingdoing duty along one axis as armature winding` and as field windingralong another axis, short-circuited armature brushes on the saidcommutator, field brushes on the said cominutator displaced with regardto the armature brushes, a main winding on the stator approximately inthe axis of the short-circuited armature brushes, a field winding' onthe stator approximately in the axis ot the field brushes, the said mainstator winding, stator field winding and rotor field winding` being allconnected in series relation and across the mains, a source of'compensating` E. M. F. a switch for shorteircuitingg' that part. of thefield winding` which is disposed on the rotor and between the fieldbrushes so -as to include the said eontpeIn-:ating` li. M. F. in thisclosed circuit, and means for varyingg the number ot' turns of' thestator field winding.

An alternate current motor c the combination of a stator. a rotor, awinding on the rotor connected to a comniutator, said winding doing'duty alone one axis as oinprismgy y bein g al armature winding' and asfield winding' along another axis. short-cn'cuited armature t brushes onthe .said brushes on the Isaid eonnnntator displaced with. regard to thearmature brushes. a main winding on the stator approximately in the laxis oi the shorl-eirenited armature brushes. a field winding; on thestator approximately in the axis of" the field brushes. a source ofcompensating E. lll. lf.. the said tnain stator uinding'. stator fieldwinding, rotor field winding' and source ofl eoinpensating ll. .\l.

eoinniutator, field I \\*indin;2,`

. field brushes on the said commutator a main winding on the F. bein allconnected in series relation and across tie mains, /a'switch forshort-circuitl .with regard to the armature brushes, a main winding onthe stator approximately in the axis of the short-circuited armaturebrushes, a field 'Winding on the stator approximately in the axis of'the field brushes, compensating .M F., the'said main stator winding,stator field winding, rot-or field winding, and source of tmmpensatingM. F. being all connected in series rela tion and across the mains, aswitch for short-circuiting that part of the field winding which isdisposed on the rotor and between the field brushes so as to includesaid compensating E. M. F. in this closed circuit. and means for varyingthe number of turns of that part of the field winding which is disposedon the stator.

l0. An alternate current motor comprising the combination of' a rotor, astator, a winding on the rotor connected to a commutator, said windingdoing duty along one axis as arniatiire winding and as field windingalong another axis, short-circuited armature brushesv on the saidcoininutator,

a source of field brushes lon the said eonnnutator displaced withregardto the armature brushes, a main winding on the statorapproximately in the axis of the short-circuited armature brushes, afield windingr on the stator approximately in the axis of the fieldbrushes, an auxiliary winding disposed on the stator and adapted toprovide a compensating' E. M. F. the said main stator winding'. statorfield winding' and rotor field winding l connected in series relationand across the mains. a switch for short-circuiting that part ot thefield winding which is disposed on the rotor and between the fieldbrushes so as to include the said auxiliary stator winding' in thisclosedcircuit ll. An alternate current motor ing' the con'ibination of'a rotor. a stator, a vinding on the rotor connected to a coninnttator,ysaid winding' doing' duty along on 1. axis as armature winding and asfield along another axis. short-circuited armature brushes on the saidcommutator.

displaced with regard to the armature brushes. stator approximately inthe axis of the. short-circuitet armature comprisllO brushes, a fieldwinding on the' stator approximately in the axis of the Held brushes, anauxiliary Winding disposed on the stator and adapted to provide acompensating E. M. F., the 'said main stator Winding, stator fieldwinding, rotor field winding and auxiliary statorwinding being allconnected in' series relation and across the xnains,' a switch forshort-Ci'reniting that part of the field winding which is disposed onthe rotor and bet-Ween the ,field brushes so as to include the saidauxiliary statorlwinding in this closed circuit. y

lZfAnl alternate current motor comprising the combination of a rotor, astator, a Winding on ythe rotor connected to a commutator, said Windindoing duty along one axis as armature Win ing andas field Winding alonganother axis, sliort-cireuited armature brushes on the said commutator,field vbrushes on the said.vcomniutator displaced with regard to thearmature brushes, a main winding on the stator approximately' in theaxis of the-short-ciruited arrnature' brushes',

'a field winding on thestator approximately in the 'axis of the fieldbrushes, an auxiliary winding disposed on the stator and adapted toprovide a compensatingA E. F.,the said main stator Winding, stator fieldWinding, rotor field winding and auxiliary ,stator Winding being allconnected in series relation and across the mains, v a switch forsbortcircuiting that (part of the field Winding 'which is dispose on therotor and b ef tween the field brushes so as to include the saidauxiliary stator Winding in this 4closed circuit, and means for varyingthe number of turns of that part of the field winding which is disposedon the stator.

In Witness Whereofq have hereunto signed my name in presence ofL two ysubscribing witnesses. VALERE ALFRED FYNN. 'Witnessesz a,

ROBERT MILTON SHEARPOINT, ALFRED BEESLEY CAMPBELL.

